摘要

与献血有关的传染病

作者(年代):罗纳德·Bartzatt

输血是紧急和持续医疗管理的重要实践。然而，献血引发传染病传播的风险不容小觑。乙型肝炎、丙型肝炎、艾滋病毒和其他微生物感染的风险增加是可以衡量的。据估计，全世界高达10%的艾滋病毒感染是由于输血受污染的血液和血液制品。有效的献血者筛查方法对于避免疾病传播至关重要。筛选的实验室方法包括酶免疫试验、化学发光免疫试验、核酸扩增试验和颗粒凝集试验。据报道，在献血时未被确认为艾滋病毒阳性，但有高风险活动的献血者确实将艾滋病毒传播给血液制品接受者。溶血性输血反应也是输血死亡的一个原因。微生物巴贝斯虫和大肠杆菌分别与接受红细胞和血小板聚集的受者的致命输血结果有关。血库中其他新出现的病原体包括戊型肝炎、红病毒B19和疟原虫。 Previous studies have shown that Babesia microti and Escherichia coli accounts for 31%and 20%of transfusion fatalities that are due to microbial infection. Studies have revealed that donors having same sex activity entail additional risks of disease transmission which includes HIV, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and other infectious diseases. A small titer of Creutzfeldt-Jakob prion is still able to present a disease risk in blood transfusion. Calls for elevated blood screening methodologies in Caribbean nations to curtail prolific hepatitis C virus transmission by blood donation has been determined to be vital. Other disease conditions occurring by blood transfusion are discussed.